Nuqtah Journal of Theological Studies

دور الترجمة في نشر اللغة العربية في باكستان: الواقع والتحديات والآفاق المستقبلية

Dr. Rabia Omar Hayat — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Translation is considered one of the most important means of cultural communication between nations, playing a significant role in transferring knowledge, sciences, and cultures across different societies. In Pakistan, translation has greatly contributed to the spread of the Arabic language due to the strong religious and cultural ties between the Pakistani people and the Arab and Islamic world. The translation of the Holy Qur’an, Hadith, and Islamic books into Urdu and other local languages has helped people understand Arabic and become familiar with its vocabulary and expressions. Translation has also supported the teaching of Arabic in religious institutions and universities, in addition to strengthening cultural and media exchange between Pakistan and Arab countries. However, translation efforts between Arabic and Urdu face several challenges, including the lack of qualified translators, weak institutional support, and linguistic and cultural difficulties in conveying meanings accurately. This research aims to explain the role of translation in spreading the Arabic language in Pakistan, discuss the major challenges facing translation activities, and provide recommendations for improving translation efforts in the future.

متن کی تعبیر نو کا تصور: اسلامی ہرمینیاتی رجحانات کا مقاصد الشریعہ کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Prof Dr Muhammad Tahir Mustafa, Dr Ihsan ur Rahman Ghauri — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of textual reinterpretation, or hermeneutical reconstruction, in Islamic hermeneutics addresses the reevaluation of sacred texts such as the Quran and Sunnah in response to modern historical, social, and cultural shifts. Emerging from 20th-century Islamic revival movements, it grapples with challenges like globalization and contemporary issues including democracy, women's rights, and bioethics. This paper examines three hermeneutical trends—text-centric (rooted in classical traditions), reader-centric (influenced by postmodernism, e.g., Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd), and moderate (e.g., Fazlur Rahman's Double Movement Theory)—through the framework of Maqasid al-Shariah. It critiques reader-centric relativism for undermining core objectives like preserving faith and intellect, while advocating a balanced, objectives-centered approach that upholds textual authority, respects consensus, and enables adaptive ijtihad to harmonize eternal guidance with modern demands in Muslim societies.

مجدد الف ثانیؒ کی اصلاحی فکر کےتحفظ و فروغ میں ڈیرہ غازی خان کے صوفیاء نقشبند کا کردار

Manzoor Hussain, Dr Manzoor Ahmad — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the contribution of Naqshbandi Sufis in Dera Ghazi Khan. It explores how they preserved the reformist ideology of Mujaddid Alf Sani. The study highlights the efforts of prominent Sufi figures in this region. These spiritual leaders focused on self-purification and moral training. They taught that true Sufism must align with the Shariah.

The author discusses their method of reform. These Sufis advised people to avoid sins and follow the Sunnah. They worked hard to eliminate un-Islamic customs and superstitions from the society. The paper also outlines their emphasis on social duties. They highlighted the importance of education and the rights of relatives. The study concludes that their struggle brought a positive change. Their teachings continue to influence the spiritual and social life of the people in Dera Ghazi Khan.

مفقود الخبر :معاصر علماء و فقہی اداروں کی آراء کا تنقیدی مطالعہ

Muhammad Muaz Sarwar, Dr Yasir Arfat — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The institution of marriage in Islamic law is not just a legal contract but a social and moral relationship based on companionship and mutual support, and sustained by the rights and obligations of the spouses. Such companionship assures emotional stability, social harmony, and economic support. However, complex legal issues arise when a husband becomes Mafqūd al-khabar (a missing person whose status and whereabouts remain unknown for an extended period). In a scenario where a husband is declared Mafqūd al-khabar, serious social, financial, and psychological problems may befall the wife as the marital bond remains in limbo and the wife is neither able to remarry nor enjoy her marital rights to the fullest. This study takes a look at Mafqūd al-khabar in the Islamic jurisprudence by first examining its linguistic and technical meanings before evaluating classical juristic debates on the legal status of the missing husband and the rights of his wife. It also considers the juristic opinion among jurists of differing schools of Islamic law with regard to the dissolution of marriage in such cases. The study also looks at the position of contemporary scholars and the modern fiqh institutions and their attempts to deal with this issue in relation to the present social realities. The study concludes by critically assessing these viewpoints and identifying practical juristic approaches that may help resolve cases involving missing spouses while remaining consistent with the principles of Islamic jurisprudence.

صفاتِ نبی ﷺ اور سیرت نگاری کا کلامی اسلوب: سید جعفر مرتضیٰ عاملی کی کتاب "الصحیح من سیرت النبی الاعظم" کا انتقادی جائزہ

Muhammad Tahir Arshad, Dr. Humayun Abbas — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the attributes of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) within the framework of Sīrah literature, with particular focus on the theological (kalāmī) methodology employed in its interpretation and presentation. It offers a critical study of the works of Sayyid Ja‘far Murtadā al-‘Āmilī, especially his renowned contribution al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī al-A‘ẓam, in which he seeks to reconstruct the Prophetic biography through a rigorous analytical and doctrinal lens.

The study explores how theological presuppositions influence the selection, authentication, and interpretation of Sīrah narrations, particularly in relation to the attributes and infallibility (‘iṣmah) of the Prophet (ﷺ). It highlights the ways in which al-‘Āmilī critiques earlier historical reports, reassesses their reliability, and presents an alternative reading shaped by specific theological commitments. The paper further evaluates the strengths and limitations of this approach, considering its impact on the broader discipline of Sīrah studies.

By employing a comparative and analytical method, the article aims to shed light on the intersection between theology and historiography in Islamic scholarship. It argues that while a kalāmī approach can contribute to a more coherent and doctrinally consistent understanding of the Prophet’s (ﷺ) life and attributes, it may also raise questions regarding methodological objectivity and historical inclusivity.

The study ultimately seeks to contribute to contemporary discussions on Sīrah methodology by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that integrates both critical historical analysis and sound theological principles.

معاصر معاشی مسائل میں دفعِ حرج کے اصول کلیہ کا اطلاق: تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

Hafiz Muhammad Sana Ullah Taunsvi , Dr. Shoaib Arif — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper critically examines the application of the principle of Daf‘ al-Ḥaraj (removal of hardship) and Qillat al-Taklīf (minimization of legal burden) in contemporary economic issues within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. The study argues that the unprecedented complexity of the modern global economy characterized by inflation, digital currencies, international trade regulations, and evolving financial systems has created new forms of economic hardship for Muslims. In response, Islamic law, through its dynamic and flexible principles, provides viable solutions that ensure both compliance with Sharī‘ah and economic sustainability.

The paper explores key contemporary challenges such as inflation and currency devaluation, modern contractual complexities, digital banking services, insurance systems, stock markets, and taxation policies. It demonstrates how classical juristic tools such as maṣlaḥah (public interest), ‘urf (custom), ḥājah (need), and ḍarūrah (necessity) are employed to mitigate hardship and facilitate ease in economic dealings. The concept of Islamic alternatives, such as Takaful (Islamic insurance), is analyzed as a practical manifestation of cooperative risk-sharing aimed at reducing financial vulnerability.

Furthermore, the study highlights the juristic acceptance of digital assets and e-commerce mechanisms through adaptive interpretations, including the recognition of constructive presence (ḥukmī majlis) and the application of options like khiyār al-ru’yah (option of inspection) to safeguard transactions. It also critically evaluates modern taxation systems, double taxation, and economic sanctions in light of Sharī‘ah objectives, emphasizing the balance between state necessity and individual financial capacity.

A critical dimension of this research underscores the need to maintain equilibrium between taysīr (facilitation) and tasāhul (undue leniency), warning against the misuse of hardship-removal principles to justify impermissible practices. The study concludes that Daf‘ al-Ḥaraj serves as a foundational and enduring mechanism that enables Islamic economic law to remain relevant, humane, and adaptable in the face of rapid socio-economic transformations, while preserving the higher objectives (maqāṣid) of Sharī‘ah.

اصول فقہ کی تشکیل جدید :معاصر افکار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Shafiq Ahmad , Prof. Dr Abdul Quddus Suhaib — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the reconstruction of Usual al-Fqih (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) in the contemporary context. As a foundational discipline of Islamic law, Usual al-Fqih provides the methodologies for deriving legal rulings and enables jurists to interpret textual sources through concepts such as general and specific, absolute and qualified, abrogation, and the objectives of Sharia (maqasid al-shariah).

In the modern era, rapidly changing social, economic, and intellectual conditions have highlighted the need to revisit and reformulate this discipline. This research analyzes contemporary Muslim thought and explores the possibilities of reinterpreting usual al-Fqih while preserving the enduring spirit of Sharia.

The study critically engages with current intellectual trends and juristic discourse, concluding that its reconstruction can develop into a coherent and practical framework, provided a balanced integration of tradition and modernity is maintained.

ہندو مت اور اسلام میں اعتقادی تصورات کا تقابلی مطالعہ

Ghulamullah , Muhammad Taha Ibrahim Dehlvi, Dr. Hafiz Zakirullah — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This comparative study examines the fundamental doctrinal structures of Hinduism and Islam, two major
world religions with distinct theological frameworks. While Islam is founded on the principle of radical
monotheism (Tawḥīd), emphasizing Allah's absolute unity, transcendence, and incomparability,
Hinduism presents a pluralistic theological landscape ranging from polytheistic worship to monistic
philosophy (Advaita Vedānta). The research analyzes five key areas: the concept of God (Allah vs.
Brahman/Īśvara), the nature of humanity (insān vs. ātman), cosmology (creation narratives and temporal
frameworks), eschatology (judgment, afterlife, and salvation/mokṣa), and ethical systems (Sharīʿah
based morality vs. Dharma and Karma). The study draws upon the Qurʾān, ḥadīth literature, Hindu
scriptures including the Vedas, Upaniṣads, and Bhagavad Gītā, as well as classical and contemporary
scholarly works. The research reveals that despite surface-level similarities in certain moral and spiritual
principles, the two traditions exhibit fundamental differences in their understanding of divine nature,
human destiny, and the path to ultimate liberation. This study contributes to interfaith understanding by
identifying both convergences and irreconcilable distinctions between Islamic and Hindu doctrinal
frameworks.

اسلام میں معاشرتی ذمہ داریوں کا تصور اور عصر حاضر میں ان کی اہمیت ۔اسلامی شریعت کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Ghulam Hyder Teewno , Manzoor Alam Bhutto — Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Human life is inherently social, with individuals depending on family and community from birth for
nourishment, education, livelihood, and personal development۔ Social institutions enable personality
growth, human safety, and the fulfillment of basic needs۔ This paper examines the concept of social
responsibilities in Islam and analyzes their contemporary relevance in light of Islamic Shariah۔ Drawing
on primary sources including the Qur’an and Hadith, it explores how Islamic teachings establish
standards for fulfilling social obligations while safeguarding human rights۔ The study argues that Islam
integrates social responsibility with the promotion of goodness, love, and peace as foundational values
for a cohesive society۔ The analysis highlights the framework Islam provides for balancing individual
rights with collective duties, offering insights applicable to present-day social challenges ۔

پاکستان میں مذہبی انتہا پسندی اور پیر محمد کرم شاہ الازہری کا منہجِ اعتدال: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Khuram Shahzad, Dr. Syed Hamid Farooq Bukhari — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The contemporary Muslim world, particularly Pakistan, has faced a daunting challenge in the form of religious extremism and intellectual fragmentation during the latter half of the 20th century. This research article explores the profound contributions of Justice Pir Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari (1918–1998) in addressing these challenges through the revival of Sufi traditions integrated with modern scholarly rigor. Al-Azhari, a visionary reformer, jurist, and spiritual leader, recognized that the root of extremism lies in the divorce of the external legalities of religion (Sharia) from its internal spiritual essence (Tariqa). By introducing his paradigm of "I’tidal" (Moderation) and "Tawazun" (Balance), he provided a comprehensive framework for social and intellectual harmony.The study highlights how al-Azhari utilized his major works, such as Tafsir Zia-ul-Quran and Zia-un-Nabi, to present Islam as a living, rational, and compassionate faith that accommodates scientific inquiry while remaining rooted in Prophetic traditions. His educational model at Dar-ul-Ulum Muhammadia Ghausia served as a practical application of his philosophy, bridging the historical chasm between traditional religious education and modern academic disciplines. This synthesis was aimed at producing balanced individuals capable of interpreting Islam for the modern age without succumbing to radical ideologies. Furthermore, his legal career, especially his time as a judge in the Federal Shariat Court, demonstrated that a Sufi-oriented legal mind could offer more nuanced and humane interpretations of Islamic law. The article argues that al-Azhari’s focus on Prophetic love (Ishq-e-Rasool) and ethical purification (Tazkiya-e-Nafs) is the most potent antidote to sectarian violence and intolerance. Through a detailed analysis of his intellectual legacy, this study positions al-Azhari as a pivotal figure of the "Middle Path," offering a sustainable model for de-radicalization and intellectual stability in modern Muslim societies.

عصر حاضر میں الفاظِ لعن کا استعمال: معاشرتی اثرات، نفسیاتی نتائج اور اصلاحی تعلیمات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Muhammad Ismail, Dr. Syed Muhammad Haroon Agha — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the contemporary era, the use of cursing and offensive language has become increasingly prevalent,
especially with the rise of digital communication platforms and social media. Such language not only
reflects negative emotions but also influences social behavior, leading to conflicts, misunderstandings,
and a decline in mutual respect within families, workplaces, and communities. The normalization of
abusive speech can foster a culture of aggression and disrespect, affecting both personal relationships
and broader societal harmony. This study also highlights the reformative aspects, emphasizing the role
of ethical teachings, religious guidance, and social education in curbing the use of harmful language. By
promoting awareness, constructive communication, and moral responsibility, individuals and societies
can mitigate the adverse effects of cursing while fostering empathy, respect, and positive interpersonal
relations. Efforts toward reform can transform communication patterns, encouraging a more harmonious
and respectful social environment.

ڈیجیٹل عہد میں تربیت و تزکیہ کے مسائل اور ان کا تدارک: شریعت اسلامیہ کی روشنی میں جائزہ

Hafza Amna Asghar, Dr Saeed Ahmad — Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing spiritual training and self-purification (tarbiyah wa tazkiyah) in the contemporary digital era, examining both the psycho-social harms identified in modern media psychology literature and the remedial frameworks derived from classical Islamic scholarship. The study investigates how digital technologies—particularly social media platforms, short-form content applications, and algorithm-driven engagement systems—have transformed patterns of human behavior, attention, and moral development. Drawing upon Qur’anic principles, Prophetic traditions, and classical works of Islamic spirituality (particularly those of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, al-Ghazālī, and the Naqshbandī tradition), the paper argues that the spiritual crisis induced by digital immersion is not merely behavioral but ontological, affecting the very structure of the human soul. The research identifies five primary categories of digital-age spiritual maladies: attention fragmentation (ḍaʿf al-turkiyz), FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) and its antithesis of qanāʿah, digital narcissism (ʿujb and riyāʾ), brain rot and cognitive erosion, and internet addiction (iʿtimād dijitālī). The study then proposes a comprehensive framework for digital tazkiyah, integrating the concepts of digital uzlah (selective withdrawal), adaptive zuhd (balanced detachment), muhāsabah (self-accounting), maqāṣid-based digital ethics, and the psychospiritual integration of Islamic practices for addiction recovery. The research concludes that the Islamic spiritual tradition offers a robust, empirically grounded, and theologically coherent response to the anxieties of the digital age, provided it is adapted through contemporary ijtihād and implemented through structured educational and counseling interventions.

سیرت نگاری کے اصول درایت: منتخب اردو کتب سیرت کا مطالعہ

Muhammad Irfan Naseem , Dr. Muhammad Hasib — Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents a critical study of the principles of Dirayah (analytical understanding) in Urdu
Seerah writing through selected classical and contemporary works, particularly Zia-un-Nabi, Seerat-ur
Rasool, and Nabi-e-Rahmat. The study aims to explore how Urdu Seerah scholars have not limited
themselves to mere narration of traditions but have also applied intellectual, historical, and contextual
analysis in interpreting the life of the Prophet Muhammad .ﷺ Through the methodology of Dirayah, these
authors highlight the wisdom, relevance, and practical implications of prophetic events for contemporary
society.
The research reveals that each writer adopted a distinct intellectual and literary approach in presenting
the Seerah. Tahir-ul-Qadri emphasizes rational discourse and modern interpretative methods, while Abul
Hasan Ali Nadwi focuses on the spiritual, moral, and reformative dimensions of the Prophet’s life.
Similarly, Pir Muhammad Karam Shah Al-Azhari combines traditional narrative techniques with
scholarly investigation and critical insight. The article examines how the application of Dirayah
transforms Seerah literature from a simple historical narration into a source of intellectual, ethical, and
social guidance .
The findings of the study demonstrate that the principles of Dirayah have played a significant role in
making Urdu Seerah literature more analytical, relevant, and responsive to modern intellectual
challenges. The selected Seerah works contain elements of critical reasoning, historical evaluation, and
social interpretation that enable readers to connect the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ with
present-day realities. This research highlights the scholarly importance of Dirayah in Urdu Seerah studies
and provides a foundation for future academic research in the field of Seerah writing.

حسی صفات انسانی کے معاشرے پر اثرات : قرآن و نفسیات کے تناظر میں ایک جائزہ

Dr. Chakori Fozia, Dr. Tsawar Husain — Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the dual influence of sensory (physical, emotional, and perceptual) and spiritual
(faith-based, moral, and transcendent) attributes on individual and collective behavior, integrating
insights from the Qur’an and modern psychology. While sensory attributes such as pleasure, pain, desire,
and fear play a crucial role in shaping immediate responses and social interactions, spiritual attributes
including sincerity (ikhlas), trust in God (tawakkul), patience (sabr), and moral consciousness (taqwa)
provide long-term regulation of behavior, resilience, and prosocial values. From a Qur’anic perspective,
human nature (fitrah) is designed to balance both dimensions, with spiritual development serving to
refine sensory impulses toward constructive social outcomes. Psychologically, research on emotional
regulation, delay of gratification, and meaning-making aligns with Qur’anic principles, showing that
spiritually grounded individuals demonstrate lower aggression, higher empathy, and stronger community
bonds. The abstract argues that societies emphasizing spiritual attributes alongside sensory awareness
tend to exhibit reduced crime, stronger family structures, and greater collective well-being. Conversely,
an overemphasis on sensory gratification without spiritual grounding correlates with increased anxiety,
social fragmentation, and moral relativism. The paper concludes that integrating Qur’anic teachings with
psychological frameworks offers a holistic model for fostering resilient, ethical, and harmonious
societies.

تکریمِ انسانیت کا قرآنی تصور: اصولی بنیادیں، اقسام، اور عملی تقاضوں کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Dr. Hafiz Zahid Farooq, Dr. Salman Ahmad Khan, Aziz ur Rehman — Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research article presents a comprehensive study of the concept of human dignity (Takrīm al-Insāniyyah) in the Qur’anic perspective. The Qur’an establishes the inherent dignity of human beings as a fundamental principle, rooted in the divine creation of humanity in the best of forms, the conferral of knowledge, and the appointment of humans as vicegerents (khalīfah) on earth. This study explores the Qur’anic foundations of human dignity, its relationship with human rights, and its practical implications for individual and social life. The research examines key Qur’anic verses that affirm human dignity, including the universal declaration in Sūrah al-Isrā’ that the children of Adam have been honored. The study analyzes the distinction between inherent dignity (al-karāmah al-dhātiyyah) and acquired dignity (al-karāmah al-muktasabah), the relationship between dignity and piety (taqwā), and the exceptions for those who deviate from the path of righteousness. The research further investigates the historical context of the revelation of these verses, the interpretive traditions of classical and contemporary exegetes, and the practical applications of this concept in Islamic law and ethics, including the prohibition of insulting others, the sanctity of life, property, and honor, and the principles of justice and equality. The study concludes that the Qur’anic concept of human dignity provides a robust foundation for universal human rights and social justice.

عالمی مالیاتی نظام اور اسلامی بینکاری کے مابین فرق کی وجوہات اور ان کے معاشی و سماجی اثرات : ایک تقابلی جائزہ

Rukhshanda Yasmin, Prof. Dr. Zia ur Rehman — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The global financial system and Islamic banking represent two economic systems based on different
theoretical foundations. The conventional global financial system is largely based on interest, loans, and
the principles of financial markets. In contrast, Islamic banking operates in accordance with the principles
of Islamic law (Shariah), emphasizing the avoidance of interest, profit-and-loss sharing, and a strong
connection with real economic activities. The fundamental differences between these two systems are
not limited to financial mechanisms; rather, their economic, social, and ethical impacts are also
significantly different.
The purpose of this research is to highlight the key reasons behind the differences between the global
financial system and Islamic banking and to analyze their economic impacts. The study finds that the
interest-based system often leads to the concentration of wealth, economic inequality, and a higher
likelihood of financial crises. On the other hand, Islamic banking promotes fair risk-sharing, real
investment, and the principles of social justice. Furthermore, the Islamic financial system can contribute
to sustainable economic development by linking financial activities with real production and trade.

Missionary Institutions in Pakistan: Historical Evolution, Educational Contributions, Religious Roles, and Socio-Cultural Impact

Dr Asma Aziz, Ms Samaika Khalid, Ms Kanza Arooj — Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Missionary institutions have played a pivotal role in shaping Pakistan’s educational, social, and moral landscape. Originating during the British colonial era, these institutions introduced structured curricula, English-medium instruction, vocational training, and holistic education approaches that served diverse communities. Their contributions extend beyond formal education to include social welfare initiatives such as healthcare, literacy programs, women’s empowerment, and community development. Missionary schools and colleges also promoted ethical and moral values while respecting local cultural contexts, reflecting an intersection of education and religious influence. This article provides an academically grounded analysis of the historical evolution of missionary institutions in the subcontinent and Pakistan, profiles major institutions, and evaluates their educational, social, and religious impact. The study further explores the merits and demerits of these institutions and proposes strategic recommendations to enhance their positive contributions in contemporary Pakistan. Drawing on historical records, institutional data, and scholarly sources, this research highlights the enduring legacy of missionary institutions and their potential to foster human and social development.

Revisiting the Objectives of Sharīʿah: A Modern Typology of Maqāṣid

Humaira Jahangir, Dr. Shahzadi Pakeeza — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The doctrine of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah-higher objectives of Islamic law has been traditionally well-defined
and interpreted in light of classical categorisations made by jurists such as al-Shatibi and al-Ghazali.
Yet, today’s problems in economic and political policies along with technology call for a revisiting and
updating of these systems. This article re-imagines the goals of sharīʿah by suggesting a contemporary
typology that translates older classifications into modern language to include issues of environmental
care, human rights, public health and global justice. The study underlines the potential of new categories
of maqāṣid to guide legal reasoning and policymaking in the 21st century, evaluates their practical
importance, and draws on both classical uṣūl literature and contemporary scholarly discourse. This
typology offers a methodical framework for using sharīʿah principles in tackling current ethical, social,
and legal issues by integrating tradition and modernity.

Reviving the Waqf Institution: A Catalyst for Economic and Social Transformation

Fawad Ali , Dr Muhammad Wasie Fasih Butt — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Waqf (Islamic endowment) is one of the most enduring socio-economic institutions in Islamic
civilization, rooted in Islamic law and designed to promote collective welfare. Historically, Waqf has
functioned as an effective mechanism for social justice, wealth redistribution, and sustainable community
development. By dedicating private assets for perpetual public benefit, Waqf institutions have supported
a wide range of religious, educational, and social services, thereby alleviating poverty and strengthening
social solidarity within Muslim societies.
This paper examines the conceptual foundations, legal framework, and historical evolution of Waqf,
highlighting its alignment with the Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law). It further explores
the economic and social role of Waqf in promoting equitable wealth circulation and sustainable
development. The study also analyzes contemporary challenges facing Waqf institutions, including
regulatory constraints, governance issues, and underutilized assets. Finally, it proposes strategic
reforms—such as legal modernization, professional management, and integration with Islamic finance—
to revitalize Waqf as a dynamic instrument for socio-economic development in the modern era.

Islamic Ethics and the Promotion of Human Respect and Social Leniency: A Study in Light of Fundamental Islamic Teachings

Dr. Naeem Qaiser, Ayesha Saeed , Rubab Fatima — Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Ethics serves as a foundational framework for human conduct, shaping the principles that uphold human dignity
and contribute to global peace. In the Islamic tradition, ethics occupy a central position, guiding both individual
behavior and collective social harmony. Islam emphasizes respect for all human beings regardless of religious or
social differences, and promotes compassion not only toward humans but also toward all living creatures. Islam
condemns the destruction of fields, demolishing of churches and temples. No other religion has asserted social
leniency and harmony more than Islam. Therefore, the basic subject of the Holy Qur'an is "The Man." We can also
find its evidence in the golden teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). This research article will throw light on the
need for social leniency in the modern era as compared to the West, as well as its key role in creating world
pacifism and solidarity. I have adopted analytical and critical methodology to find out how Islamic ethics can
perform a pivotal role to produce long-lasting peace and stability versus Western ethics.

Analyzing Well-Being Models: Their Evolution, Limitations, and Future Pathways

Maryam Manzoor, Dr. Nuzhat Naz, Rana Hussain — Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article critically examines the evolution, limitations, and future trajectories of well-being models from antiquity to contemporary discourse. Employing interdisciplinary synthesis and comparative analysis, the study traces well-being conceptualizations from Aristotelian eudaimonia and hedonic traditions through Enlightenment utilitarianism to modern frameworks including Ryff's Psychological Well-Being, Seligman's PERMA model, Self-Determination Theory, and ecological models. A central argument advanced is that dominant Western paradigms exhibit systematic biases—individualism, cultural reductionism, measurement fetishism, and commercial appropriation—that undermine their universal applicability. The article provides an original, mandatory deep analysis of the Islamic well-being paradigm grounded in Falāḥ, sakīnah, tazkiyah al-nafs, and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, incorporating Qur'anic textual evidence and classical scholarship from Al-Ghazālī, Ibn Khaldūn, Shāh Walīullāh, and Ibn Taymiyyah. Methodological critiques address Western-centrism, digital-age mental health challenges, inequality, and ethical concerns surrounding happiness commodification. Future pathways propose holistic, cross-cultural, spiritually integrated models and policy frameworks for sustainable well-being. The article concludes with original theoretical contributions synthesizing Eastern and Western epistemologies, offering a multidimensional, context-sensitive paradigm for twenty-first-century global challenges.