ہندو مت اور اسلام میں اعتقادی تصورات کا تقابلی مطالعہ: Comparative Study of Doctrinal Concepts in Hinduism and  Islam

Ghulamullah; Muhammad Taha Ibrahim Dehlvi; Dr. Hafiz Zakirullah

Authors

Ghulamullah Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Taha Ibrahim Dehlvi Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Dr. Hafiz Zakirullah Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Hadith Memorization, Cognitive Psychology, Neuroscience, Memory Studies, Neural Plasticity, Islamic Scholarship, Long-term Memory

Abstract

This comparative study examines the fundamental doctrinal structures of Hinduism and Islam, two major
world religions with distinct theological frameworks. While Islam is founded on the principle of radical
monotheism (Tawḥīd), emphasizing Allah's absolute unity, transcendence, and incomparability,
Hinduism presents a pluralistic theological landscape ranging from polytheistic worship to monistic
philosophy (Advaita Vedānta). The research analyzes five key areas: the concept of God (Allah vs.
Brahman/Īśvara), the nature of humanity (insān vs. ātman), cosmology (creation narratives and temporal
frameworks), eschatology (judgment, afterlife, and salvation/mokṣa), and ethical systems (Sharīʿah
based morality vs. Dharma and Karma). The study draws upon the Qurʾān, ḥadīth literature, Hindu
scriptures including the Vedas, Upaniṣads, and Bhagavad Gītā, as well as classical and contemporary
scholarly works. The research reveals that despite surface-level similarities in certain moral and spiritual
principles, the two traditions exhibit fundamental differences in their understanding of divine nature,
human destiny, and the path to ultimate liberation. This study contributes to interfaith understanding by
identifying both convergences and irreconcilable distinctions between Islamic and Hindu doctrinal
frameworks.